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Hashimoto, Shunsuke*; Nakajima, Kenji; Kikuchi, Tatsuya*; Kamazawa, Kazuya*; Shibata, Kaoru; Yamada, Takeshi*
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 342, p.117580_1 - 117580_8, 2021/11
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：25.84(Chemistry, Physical)Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFGNMR) analyses of a nanofluid composed of silicon dioxide (SiO
) nanoparticles and a base fluid of ethylene glycol aqueous solution were performed. The aim was to elucidate the mechanism increase in the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid above its theoretical value. The obtained experimental results indicate that SiO particles may decrease the self-diffusion coefficient of the liquid molecules in the ethylene glycol aqueous solution because of their highly restricted motion around these nanoparticles. At a constant temperature, the thermal conductivity increases as the self-diffusion coefficient of the liquid molecules decreases in the SiO nanofluids.
Villaret, F.*; Boulnat, X.*; Aubry, P.*; Yano, Yasuhide; Otsuka, Satoshi; Fabregue, D.*; de Carlan, Y.*
Materials Science & Engineering A, 824, p.141794_1 - 141794_10, 2021/09
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：24.75(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)Idomura, Yasuhiro
Europhysics Conference Abstracts (Internet), 45A, 4 Pages, 2021/06
This work presents the impacts of the hydrogen isotope mass and the normalized plasma size on confinement of hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) plasmas dominated by ion temperature gradient driven turbulence. Numerical experiments of H and D plasmas with ion and electron heating conditions were conducted using the Gyrokinetic Toroidal 5D full- f Eulerian code GT5D. The energy confinement time in the ion heated numerical experiments was almost independent of isotope mass, and the energy confinement was determined mainly by the normalized plasma size or the plasma size divided by the ion gyro radius, indicating an impact of non-local transport. On the other hand, the electron heated numerical experiments showed a clear isotope mass dependency. In addition to the plasma size effect, the isotope mass dependency of the collisional energy transfer from electrons to ions changes the ion heat flux and the turbulence intensity, leading to the degradation of confinement in H plasmas. These results qualitatively agree with the hydrogen isotope scaling in experiments.
Kawai, Chika*; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Ogawa, Yuichi*; Yamada, Hiroshi*
Physics of Plasmas, 27(8), p.082302_1 - 082302_11, 2020/08
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：6.24(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Self-organization in the toroidal electron temperature gradient driven (ETG) turbulence is investigated based on a global gyrokinetic model in a weak magnetic shear configuration. Because of global profile effects, toroidal ETG modes with higher toroidal mode number n are excited at the outer magnetic surfaces, leading to strong linear wave dispersion. The resulting anisotropic wave turbulence boundary and the inverse energy cascade generate the self-organization of zonal flows, which is the unique mechanism in the global gyrokinetic model. The self-organization is confirmed both in the decaying turbulence initialized by random noises and in the toroidal ETG turbulence. It is also shown that the self-organization process generates zonal flows and isotropic eddies depending on a criterion parameter, which is determined by the ion to electron temperature ratio and the turbulence intensity.
Idomura, Yasuhiro
Physics of Plasmas, 26(12), p.120703_1 - 120703_5, 2019/12
Times Cited Count：5 Percentile：33.23(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)This Letter presents the impacts of the hydrogen isotope mass and the normalized gyroradius 
on L-mode like hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) plasmas dominated by ion temperature gradient driven (ITG) turbulence using global full-f gyrokinetic simulations. In ion heated numerical experiments with adiabatic electrons, the energy confinement time shows almost no isotope mass dependency, and is determined by Bohm like scaling. Electron heated numerical experiments with kinetic electrons show clear isotope mass dependency caused by the isotope effect on the collisional energy transfer from electrons to ions, and the H and D plasmas show similar ion and electron temperature profiles at an H to D heating power ratio of 
. The normalized collisionless ion gyrokinetic equations for H and D plasmas become identical at the same , and collisions weakly affect ITG turbulence. Therefore, the isotope mass dependency is mainly contributed by the scaling and the heating sources.
Asahi, Yuichi*; Grandgirard, V.*; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Garbet, X.*; Latu, G.*; Sarazin, Y.*; Dif-Pradalier, G.*; Donnel, P.*; Ehrlacher, C.*
Physics of Plasmas, 24(10), p.102515_1 - 102515_17, 2017/10
Times Cited Count：7 Percentile：37.05(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Two full-F global gyrokinetic codes are benchmarked to compute flux-driven ion temperature gradient turbulence in tokamak plasmas. For this purpose, the Semi-Lagrangian code GYSELA and the Eulerian code GT5D are employed, which solve the full-F gyrokinetic equation with a realistic fixed flux condition. Using the appropriate settings for the boundary and initial conditions, flux-driven ITG turbulence simulations are carried out. The avalanche-like transport is assessed with a focus on spatio-temporal properties. A statistical analysis is performed to discuss this self-organized criticality (SOC) like behaviors, where we found 
spectra and a transition to 
spectra at high-frequency side in both codes. Based on these benchmarks, it is verified that the SOC-like behavior is robust and not dependent on numerics.
Kawai, Chika*; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Maeyama, Shinya*; Ogawa, Yuichi*
Physics of Plasmas, 24(4), p.042303_1 - 042303_13, 2017/04
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：10.49(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Self-organization in the slab electron temperature gradient driven (ETG) turbulence is investigated based on gyrokinetic simulations and the Hasegawa-Mima (HM) equation. The scale and the anisotropy of self-organized turbulent structures vary depending on the Rhines scale and the characteristic scale given by the adiabatic response term in the HM equation. The former is determined by competition between the linear wave dispersion and the nonlinear turbulent cascade, while the latter is given as the scale, at which the turbulent cascade is impeded. These scales are controlled by plasma parameters such as the density and temperature gradient, and the temperature ratio of ion to electron. It is found that depending on the plasma parameters, the ETG turbulence shows either isotropic turbulence or zonal flows, which give significantly different transport levels. Although the modulational instability excites zonal modes regardless of the plasma parameters, the final turbulent structure is determined by the self-organization process.
Idomura, Yasuhiro
Plasma and Fusion Research (Internet), 11, p.2403006_1 - 2403006_5, 2016/02
In this work, we address saturation mechanisms of decaying turbulence induced by the ion temperature gradient driven trapped electron mode. In the simulation, turbulent transport is quenched in the nonlinear quasi-steady phase, where temperature profiles exceeding linear critical temperature gradient parameters are formed. This kind of nonlinear critical temperature gradient is sustained by radial electric fields with strong shear, which is generated by corrugated density profiles. It is found that the density profile structure is related to electrons transport near low order mode rational surfaces, where non-adiabatic response of passing electrons becomes important.
Idomura, Yasuhiro; Tokuda, Shinji; Kishimoto, Yasuaki
Nuclear Fusion, 45(12), p.1571 - 1581, 2005/12
Times Cited Count：39 Percentile：74.86(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Using a global gyrokinetic toroidal particle code, the toroidal electron temperature gradient driven (ETG) turbulence is studied in positive and reversed shear tokamaks. In the nolinear turbulent state, the ETG turbulence in the positive and reversed shear configurations show quite different structure formations. In the positive shear configuration, the ETG turbulence is dominated by streamers which have a ballooning type structure, and the electron temperature 
profile is quickly relaxed to the marginally stable state in a turbulent time scale. In the reversed shear configuration, quasi-steady zonal flows are produced in the regative shear region, while the positive shear region is characterized by streamers. Accordingly, the electron thermal diffusivity 
has a gap structure across the 
surface, and the gradinet is sustained above the marginal value for a long time in the quasi-steady phase. The results suggest a stiffness of the profile in positive shear tokamaks, and a possibility of the Te transport barrier in reversed shear tokamaks.
simulations of microturbulenceIdomura, Yasuhiro
Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 81(8), p.581 - 592, 2005/08
A gyrokinetic particle simulation is a powerful tool in studying tokamak microturbulence. A method, which is a standard method in recent gyrokinetic particle simulations, dramatically improved an efficiency of a particle simulation by reducing a particle noise, and full torus turbulence simulations are enabled. In this paper, the method is reviewed, and issues in full torus gyrokinetic particle simulations are discussed.
Nakamura, Yoshiteru; Nara, Takayuki; Agematsu, Takashi; Ishibori, Ikuo; Kurashima, Satoshi; Fukuda, Mitsuhiro; Okumura, Susumu; Yokota, Wataru; Yoshida, Kenichi; Miyawaki, Nobumasa; et al.
Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications (CYCLOTRONS 2004), p.157 - 159, 2005/00
The AVF cyclotron system at JAERI Takasaki has been smoothly operated for 13 years since 1991. This system continues to deliver various ion species with very frequent alterations of operational conditions. In order to provide a heavy ion beam with energy spread of 0.02 % required for microbeam production, we have developed a flat-top acceleration system, an additional buncher driven by saw-tooth wave, and improved the central region of the cyclotron. An old gradient corrector of passive type was replaced by a new gradient corrector with an active coil inside to obtain complete matching between the trunk beam line and extraction trajectory from the cyclotron. A compact ion source with a set of movable permanent magnet was designed to produce mainly light ions, which will be replaced the existing multi-cusp ion source in future.
Villard, L.*; Angelino, P.*; Bottino, A.*; Allfrey, S. J.*; Hatzky, R.*; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Sauter, O.*; Tran, T. M.*
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 46(12B), p.B51 - B62, 2004/12
Times Cited Count：29 Percentile：66.92(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)This paper reviews the present status of recent first principles based plasma turbulence simulations, and gives quantitative discussions on influences of the v// nonlinearlity and the geometry effects in the gyrokinetic Poisson equaiton, which are ignored in the conventional approximations, on simulations results. Careful treatments of these effects enable turbulence simulations satisfying the conservation of the energy and the particle number. The new simulation disclosed new phenomena, and it is found that (1) turbulence spreading is induced by avalanche like phnemena consisting of bursty heat transport and local flattening of pressure profiles, and (2) nonlinearly driven E
B flows become global shear flows with scale lengths of about 30 ion gyro radii.
Miyato, Naoaki; Li, J. Q.*; Kishimoto, Yasuaki
IAEA-CN-116/TH/8-5Rb (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2004/11
Using a global Landau fluid code in toroidal geometry, an electromagnetic ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven turbulence-zonal mode system is investigated. Two different types of zonal flows, i.e. stationary zonal flows in a low 
(safety factor) region and oscillatory ones in a high region which are called geodesic acoustic modes (GAM), are found to be simultaneously excited in a torus. The stationary flows efficiently suppress turbulent transport, while the oscillatory ones weakly affect the turbulence due to their time varying nature. Therefore in the low region where the zonal flows are stationary, the zonal flows are dominant over the turbulence. On the other hand, the turbulence is still active in the high region where the zonal flows are oscillatory.
Huang, X.*; Mashimo, Tsutomu; Ono, Masao; Tomita, Takeshi; Sawai, Tomotsugu; Osakabe, Toyotaka; Mori, Nobuo*
Journal of Applied Physics, 96(3), p.1336 - 1340, 2004/08
Times Cited Count：11 Percentile：42.73(Physics, Applied)Mega-gravity field experiments were performed on the Bi
Sb
(atomic percent) alloy and pure Bi below their melting points, to investigate the change in crystalline state. For the alloy centrifuged at 191-205 
C, no change in composition was observed, and the grain sizes of the crystals decreased from several mm to tens of 
m, while no distinct change in grain size was observed for the centrifuged pure Bi. The alloy centrifuged at 220-240 C consisted of two regions with different morphologies-fine-grained crystals with grain sizes around tens of m in the low gravity region, and large crystals with grain sizes several mm long and hundreds of m wide along the direction of gravity in the high gravity region, where sedimentation of atoms was confirmed. The large crystals with hexagonal structures were formed by preferential crystal growth roughly along the c axes, and a large strain that increased as the gravitational field increased existed inside these crystals. Formation of this anomalous crystal state might be correlated with the sedimentation of atoms.
Li, J.; Kishimoto, Yasuaki
Physics of Plasmas, 11(4), p.1493 - 1510, 2004/04
Times Cited Count：59 Percentile：85.15(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)The electron temperature gradient (ETG) driven turbulence in tokamak core plasmas is numerically investigated based on three-dimensional gyrofluid model with adiabatic ion response. Attentions are focused on the zonal flow dynamics in ETG fluctuations and the resultant electron heat transport. A high electron energy confinement mode is found in the weak magnetic shear regime, which is closely relevant with self-organization behavior of turbulence through the enhanced zonal flow dynamics rather than the weak shear stabilization of ETG fluctuations. It is demonstrated that the weak shear is favorable for the enhancement of zonal flows in ETG turbulence.
Idomura, Yasuhiro; Tokuda, Shinji; Kishimoto, Yasuaki
Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research SERIES, Vol.6, p.17 - 72, 2004/00
A global gyrokinetic toroidal particle code for a 3D nonlinear simulation (GT3D) has been developed for a comprehensive study of the ion and electron anomalous transport arising from the ion temperature gradient driven - trapped electron mode (ITG-TEM) turbulence in tokamak plasmas. In the preliminary linear ITG-TEM calculations, basic properties of ITG-TEM modes are confirmed. Adding trapped electrons not only increases the growth rate of the ITG mode, but also produces another unstable electron mode, the TEM mode, which is unstable even at 
. The dominant mode changes from the ITG mode to the TEM mode depending on 
and 
. In linear benchmark calculations using Cyclone base case parameters, eigenfrequencies obtained from GT3D, GTC(PPPL-UCI) and FULL(PPPL) show reasonable quantitative agreement.
Bottino, A.*; Angelino, P.*; Allfrey, S. J.*; Brunner, S.*; Hatzky, R.*; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Jolliet, S.*; Sauter, O.*; Tran, T. M.*; Villard, L.*
Theory of Fusion Plasmas, ISPP21, p.75 - 86, 2004/00
The global nonlinear electrostatic PIC code ORB5 solves the gyrokinetic Vlasov-Poisson system assuming adiabatic electrons in realistic tokamak magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibria. The present version of ORB5 shows remarkable particle and energy conservation properties and can be used for physics studies in toroidal geometry. In particular, the optimized tracer loading method has been adapted to tokamak geometry and implemented in ORB5 together with a new adaptive gyro-average algorithm. Basic physical conservation properties (energy and particle number) are used as indicators of the quality of the numerical simulations. In this paper we present the first nonlinear results of electrostatic collisionless microinstabilities of realistic MHD shaped equilibria, provided by the MHD equilibrium code CHEASE, including the toroidicity induced geometrical coupling of the zonal ExB flow and the parallel velocity nonlinearlity.
Jolliet, S.*; Angelino, P.*; Bottino, A.*; Idomura, Yasuhiro; Villard, L.*
Theory of Fusion Plasmas, ISPP21, p.345 - 351, 2004/00
Global particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are a very useful tool for studying the time evolution of turbulence induced by ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) instabilities. Unfortunately, the linear code LORB5 and its non-linear version ORB5 require high computational power. In order to study more sophisticated models, we need to optimize these codes. We will focus on LORB5, which uses a cylindrical grid (r,z) for solving the Vlasov equation and a (s,
) grid for the Poisson equation. The approach presented in this work consists of implementing the gyrokinetic model using a single (s,
) grid. Here is the straight-field-line poloidal coordinate. A method to avoid the singularity at the magnetic axis is presented, and a benchmark with the CYCLONE case is shown.
O
-ZrO systemWang, J.*; Otobe, Haruyoshi; Nakamura, Akio; Takeda, Masuo*
Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 176(1), p.105 - 110, 2003/11
Times Cited Count：14 Percentile：44.24(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)no abstracts in English
Idomura, Yasuhiro; Tokuda, Shinji; Kishimoto, Yasuaki
Nuclear Fusion, 43(4), p.234 - 243, 2003/04
Times Cited Count：119 Percentile：94.96(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)no abstracts in English
